Virtual Periodic Table

Metals

Alkali Metal

Alkaline Earth Metals

Transition Metals

Post Transition Metals

Non Metals

Noble Gases

Reactive Nonmetals

Metalloids

Lanthanoids

Actinoids

Synthetic Elements

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States

Solids

Liquids

Gases

S-Block

1-A

Hydrogen

1.008

Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element in the universe. It is highly reactive and forms compounds with most elements. In its diatomic form (H₂), hydrogen is a colorless, odorless gas used extensively in chemical processes and fuel technologies.

Lithium

6.94

Lithium is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. It is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element. Lithium is highly reactive and flammable, and it is used in rechargeable batteries for mobile phones, laptops, digital cameras, and electric vehicles.

Sodium

22.99

Sodium is a highly reactive metal. Its compounds, like table salt (NaCl) and baking soda, are essential for biological functions and industrial processes.

Potassium

39.098

Potassium is a reactive metal vital for nerve function and agriculture (fertilizers). Found in bananas and used in fireworks (purple flame).

Rubidium

85.468

Rubidium is used in electronics and specialty glasses. It is highly reactive, igniting spontaneously in air.

Caesium

132.91

Cesium is used in atomic clocks and photoelectric cells. It is one of the most reactive elements.

Francium

(232)

Francium is a highly radioactive metal with minimal applications due to its rarity and instability.

2-A

Beryllium

9.012

Beryllium is a hard, grayish metal naturally found in mineral rocks, coal, soil, and volcanic dust. It is used in aerospace materials due to its stiffness, light weight, and dimensional stability over a wide temperature range.

Magnesium

24.305

Magnesium is a lightweight metal critical for chlorophyll in plants and energy production in cells. Used in alloys for aerospace and automotive parts.

Calcium

40.078

Calcium is essential for bones, teeth, and muscle function. Used in cement, plaster, and dietary supplements. Reacts vigorously with water.

Strontium

87.620

Strontium is used in fireworks and flares for a bright red color. Also in producing glass for color television cathode ray tubes.

Barium

137.33

Barium is used in drilling fluids for oil wells and in paints. It produces a bright green flame.

Radium

(226)

Radium is radioactive and was once used in luminescent paints. Now used in medicine and as a radiation source.

D-Block

3-B

Scandium

44.956

Scandium is a rare earth metal with high melting point and low density. Used in aerospace alloys, high-intensity lamps, and sports equipment like baseball bats and bicycle frames.

Yttrium

88.906

Yttrium is used in LED lights, phosphors, and superconductors. It plays a role in medical technologies and cell biology.

Lanthanoids

Actinoids

4-B

Titanium

47.867

Titanium is a strong, lightweight, corrosion-resistant metal used in aerospace, medical implants, and high-performance alloys. Known for its excellent strength-to-weight ratio.

Zirconium

91.224

Zirconium is corrosion-resistant and is used in nuclear reactors, ceramics, and medical applications.

Hafnium

178.49

Hafnium is used in nuclear reactors, integrated circuits, and superalloys.

104

Rutherfordium

(267)

Rutherfordium is used in scientific research. It is a synthetic element.

5-B

Vanadium

50.942

Vanadium strengthens steel alloys and is used in redox flow batteries. Named after Vanadis, the Scandinavian goddess of beauty.

Niobium

92.906

Niobium improves the strength of steel alloys and is used in superconducting materials for powerful magnets.

Tantalum

180.95

Tantalum is highly resistant to corrosion and is used in high-performance capacitors and surgical implants.

105

Dubnium

(268)

Dubnium is used in scientific research. It is a synthetic element.

6-B

Chromium

51.996

Chromium is known for its shiny finish in stainless steel and chrome plating. Also used in dyes (chrome yellow) and as a catalyst.

Molybdenum

95.95

Molybdenum is used to withstand high temperatures without expanding or softening greatly. Critical for steel and chemical industries.

Tungsten

183.84

Tungsten is known for its high melting point and is used in light bulb filaments, hard materials, and military applications.

106

Seaborgium

(269)

Seaborgium is used in scientific research. It is a synthetic element.

7-B

Maganese

54.938

Manganese strengthens steel and aluminum alloys. Essential for photosynthesis in plants and used in dry-cell batteries.

Technetium

(98)

Technetium is a radioactive metal used in medical diagnostic procedures and industrial radiography.

Rhenium

186.21

Rhenium is used in jet engines and as a catalyst in petroleum refining.

107

Bohrium

(270)

Bohrium is used in scientific research. It is a synthetic element.

8

Iron

55.845

Iron is a fundamental metal in construction and manufacturing, essential for blood hemoglobin in the body.

Ruthenium

101.07

Ruthenium is used in electronics and in alloys with platinum. It hardens platinum and palladium for electrical contacts.

Osmium

190.03

Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element and is used in fountain pen nibs and electrical contacts.

108

Hassium

(277)

Hassium is used in scientific research. It is a synthetic element.

Cobalt

58.933

Cobalt is used in alloys for aircraft engine parts and in batteries. Known for its vibrant blue compounds used in paints.

Rhodium

102.91

Rhodium is rare and valuable, used in catalytic converters and jewelry.

Iridium

192.22

Iridium is a corrosion-resistant metal used in spark plugs, crucibles, and electrical contacts.

109

Meitnerium

(278)

Meitnerium is used in scientific research. It is a synthetic element.

Nickel

58.693

Nickel is used in stainless steel, coinage, and rechargeable batteries. Resistant to corrosion and oxidation.

Palladium

106.42

Palladium is used in electronics, dentistry, and catalytic converters. It is flexible and does not tarnish easily.

Platinum

195.08

Platinum is used in jewelry, catalytic converters, and electronics. It is dense and malleable.

110

Darmstadtium

(281)

Darmstadtium is used in scientific research. It is a synthetic element.

1-B

Copper

63.546

Copper is a highly conductive metal used in electrical wiring, plumbing, and coin production.

Silver

107.87

Silver is highly conductive and reflective, used in jewelry, electronics, and coins.

Gold

196.97

Gold is used in jewelry, electronics, and as a monetary standard. Known for its malleability and resistance to corrosion.

111

Roentgenium

(282)

Roentgenium is used in scientific research. It is a synthetic element.

2-B

Zinc

65.384

Zinc is an essential mineral in nutrition, used in galvanization to prevent rusting and in alloys.

Cadmium

112.41

Cadmium is used in batteries and pigments. It is toxic and requires careful handling.

Mercury

200.59

Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature. Used in thermometers, barometers, and dental amalgams.

112

Copernicium

(286)

Copernicium is used in scientific research. It is a synthetic element.

P-Block

3-A

Boron

10.81

Boron is a metalloid essential for plant growth and is commonly found in compounds such as borax. It is used in detergents, cosmetics, and as a semiconductor in electronics.

Aluminium

26.982

Aluminum is a lightweight, corrosion-resistant metal used in construction, packaging (foil), and transportation. The most abundant metal in Earth's crust.

Gallium

69.723

Gallium is used in electronics, such as LEDs and semiconductors. Melts at around human body temperature.

Indium

114.82

Indium is used in touchscreens, LCDs, and solders. It is soft, ductile, and has a low melting point.

Thallium

204.38

Thallium is used in electronics and pharmaceuticals. It is toxic and should be handled with care.

113

Nihonium

(286)

Nihonium is used in scientific research. It is a synthetic element.

4-A

Carbon

12.011

Carbon is the basis of organic chemistry and forms countless compounds. It exists in several allotropes including graphite, diamond, and graphene. Vital for life and industrial applications like steelmaking.

Silicon

28.085

Silicon is the primary component of semiconductors and solar cells. Found in sand (SiO₂) and used extensively in electronics and glassmaking.

Germanium

72.630

Germanium is used in fiber optic systems, infrared optics, and solar cell applications.

Tin

118.71

Tin is used in coatings to prevent corrosion and in soldering. It is malleable and ductile.

Lead

207.20

Lead is used in batteries, radiation shields, and soldering. It is dense and malleable but toxic.

114

Flerovium

(289)

Flerovium is used in scientific research. It is a synthetic element.

5-A

Nitrogen

14.007

Nitrogen is a diatomic gas (N₂) constituting 78% of Earth's atmosphere. Essential for fertilizers (ammonia) and explosives. Liquid nitrogen is used in cryogenics.

Phosphorus

30.974

Phosphorus is essential for DNA, RNA, and ATP. Used in fertilizers, detergents, and matches. Exists in white, red, and black allotropes.

Arsenic

74.922

Arsenic is used in pesticides and electronics. Known for its toxic properties.

Antimony

121.76

Antimony is used in flame retardants, semiconductor devices, and lead-acid batteries.

Bismuth

208.98

Bismuth is used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and ammo. It has a low thermal conductivity.

115

Moscovium

(290)

Moscovium is used in scientific research. It is a synthetic element.

6-A

Oxygen

15.999

Oxygen is a life-sustaining gas (O₂) critical for respiration and combustion. Ozone (O₃) protects Earth from UV radiation. Most abundant element in the Earth's crust.

Sulfur

32.06

Sulfur is a yellow crystalline solid. Used in sulfuric acid (industry), gunpowder, and vulcanization of rubber. Smells like rotten eggs in compounds.

Seleneium

78.971

Selenium is essential in small amounts and is used in the glass industry and in solar cells.

Tellurium

127.60

Tellurium is used in metallurgy and electronics. It is a brittle, mildly toxic metalloid.

Polonium

(209)

Polonium is radioactive and used as a heat source in space satellites and in antistatic devices.

116

Livermorium

(293)

Livermorium is used in scientific research. It is a synthetic element.

7-A

Fluorine

18.998

Fluorine is the most electronegative element, forming highly reactive compounds like Teflon and fluoride. Used in toothpaste to prevent tooth decay.

Chlorine

35.45

Chlorine is a toxic greenish-yellow gas (Cl₂). Used to disinfect water, produce PVC plastics, and in bleach. Forms salts like sodium chloride.

Bromine

79.904

Bromine is used in flame retardants and drilling fluids. It is a volatile, reddish-brown liquid at room temperature.

Iodine

126.90

Iodine is used in antiseptics, dyes, and photographic chemicals. It is essential for thyroid health.

Astatine

(210)

Astatine is a rare and radioactive element, used in some cancer treatments and research.

117

Tennessine

(294)

Tennessine is used in scientific research. It is a synthetic element.

8-A

Helium

4.0026

Helium is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert monatomic gas that heads the noble gas group. It is the second lightest and second most abundant element in the observable universe, primarily used in cryogenics and airships.

Neon

20.180

Neon is a noble gas known for its bright red-orange glow in neon lights. Chemically inert and used in cryogenics and laser technology.

Argon

Argon is an inert gas used in welding, lighting, and preserving historical documents. Third most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere.

Krypton

83.798

Krypton is a colorless, inert gas used in lighting and photography.

Xenon

131.29

Xenon is used in lamps, anesthesia, and laser technology. It is a heavy, colorless gas.

Radon

(222)

Radon is a radioactive gas used in radiation therapy. It can accumulate in homes from natural uranium decay.

118

Oganesson

(294)

Oganesson is an artificially created element that is expected to have properties similar to other noble gases. It was first synthesized in 2002 and remains one of the heaviest elements.

Lanthanum

138.9055

Lanthanum is used in camera lenses, electronic vacuum tubes, and catalytic converters.

Cerium

140.12

Cerium is used in catalytic converters, glass polishing, and flints for lighters.

Praseodymium

140.9075

Praseodymium is used in aircraft engines, studio lighting, and permanent magnets.

Neodymium

144.24

Neodymium is used in strong magnets, lasers, and ultraviolet-blocking glass.

Promethium

(145)

Promethium is used in luminous paint, atomic batteries, and research.

Samarium

150.36

Samarium is used in electronics, lasers, and nuclear reactors.

Europium

151.964

Europium is used in phosphors, lasers, and neutron capture applications.

Gadolinium

157.25

Gadolinium is used in MRI contrast agents, phosphors, and high-temperature superconductors.

Terbium

158.93

Terbium is used in solid-state devices, fuel cells, and low-energy light bulbs.

Dysprosium

162.5

Dysprosium is used in magnets, data storage devices, and nuclear reactors.

Holmium

164.9303

Holmium is used in magnets, nuclear reactors, and laser devices.

Erbium

167.26

Erbium is used in optical fibers, amplifiers, and as a nuclear reactor control material.

Thulium

168.934

Thulium is used in lasers, X-ray machines, and electronic devices.

Ytterbium

173.05

Ytterbium improves the strength of stainless steel and is used in lasers.

Lutetium

174.967

Lutetium is used in cancer therapy and as a catalyst in petroleum refining.

Actinium

(227)

Actinium is used in radiation therapy and as a neutron source.

Thorium

232.038

Thorium is used in nuclear reactors and was formerly used in gas mantles.

Protactinium

231.036

Protactinium is used in scientific research. It is a rare and toxic element.

Uranium

238.029

Uranium is used as fuel in nuclear reactors and weapons. It is a dense, radioactive metal.

Neptunium

(237)

Neptunium is used in research and as a precursor in plutonium production.

Plutonium

(244)

Plutonium is used as a fuel in nuclear reactors and weapons. It is highly radioactive.

Americium

(243)

Americium is used in smoke detectors and as a neutron source in industrial applications.

Curium

(247)

Curium is used in space exploration as a heat source and for research purposes.

Berkelium

(247)

Berkelium is used in research, particularly in the synthesis of heavier elements.

Californium

(251)

Californium is used in neutron radiography and as a neutron source for research.

Einsteinium

(252)

Einsteinium is used in scientific research and the synthesis of new elements.

100

Fermium

(257)

Fermium is used in scientific research. It is a synthetic element.

101

Mendelevium

(258)

Mendelevium is used in scientific research. It is named after Dmitri Mendeleev, the creator of the periodic table.

102

Nobelium

(259)

Nobelium is used in scientific research. Named after Alfred Nobel, it is a synthetic element.

103

Lawrencium

(266)

Lawrencium is used in scientific research. It is a synthetic element.